The Iranian Revolution And Khomeini Ideas

The Persian Revolution And Khomeini IdeasThe Persian Revolution, as well c onlyed the Muslim Revolution took key in 1979. It marked events involving the expiry of Irans monarchy by bringing down the US- mainstayed Shah of Iran, Muhammad Reza Pahlavi. The revolution placed Ayotullah Rohullah Khomeini in accommodate of Iran. Ayotullah Rohullah Khomeini was the attracter of the revolution and changed Iran into in Islamic Republic. imaum Rohullah Al-Musavi Al-Khomeini, in short, Ayotullah Khomeini, was innate(p) on September 24, 1902. He belonged to a family that had religiously stiff traditions. They resided in Khumayn, located in the west of Tehran. When Ayotullah Kho meni was nineteen years darkened he went to study religious science where his education beneath nonable figures unc everyplaceed him to religious traditions, political activism and development. He excel conduct in a lot of subjects only if mastered ethics and philosophy. though he is widely k right offn as a revolutionary leader with a remarkable success in the political field, initi ally he was famous as a writer and a teacher residing in Qom. Qom had a status dignified learning center and rose as spiritual capital in Iran. His commonwealth of concern was devotional and mystical matters. But from spirituality and mysticism, he neer meant hearty isolation and political inertness. Instead he advocated energetic im sliceent expression on the socio-political frame. His life indicates that an Islamic revolution has its roots in spiritual and moral realm.During his early years in Qom, his activities were in line with the establishing Pahlavi commonwealth by Shah of Iran, Reza Khan. Reza Khan changed the monarchy in Iran into a totalitarian dictatorship. His study objective was to wipe out Islam as a cultural, political and social power. imaum Khomeini not only witnessed these efforts of Reza Khan directly but withal got news regularly from cities like Tabriz, Mashhad and Isfaha n. All this deeply affected him. In the later years Muhammad Reza, son of Reza Khan became the Shah of Iran and continued the exploitive docket regarding religious institutions. imaum Khomeini touched the political field for the first measure in 1941 when he gave a political public statement in his book Kashf al-Asrar. In 1962 Imam Khomeini became the leader of Qom. His aim became to fight back Shah at a epoch when not many an(prenominal) d atomic number 18d to do so. He announced his concomitant to religious institutions. For workout he lent his certification to students who were protesting against the permission to open liquor stores in the city. aft(prenominal) that he locomote towards matters of bigger significance. In October 1962 he united with the religious leaders balance-to-end the pastoral and vigorously protested against the uprightness suffering non-Muslim males and females to participate in elections to local assemblies. This imported in building an alli ance of religious scholars that would remain firm for the fundamental rights.In 1963 he confronted the Shah, who was trying to propagate re ricochets in economic and socio-political life if Iran. These efforts by Shah were designated as White Revolution. The White Revolution was a deceiving program constituted on six points. The real aim was to restrain the growing clerical regularize against Shah in Iran. Imam Khomeini made public a strong and voice slight declaration in which he denounced the Shah and his Western agenda. He accused the Shah of violating the constitution, spread morally defile objectives and compliance with USA and Israel. The Shah successfully got the clauses of this revolution authorize through a fake referendum on January 26, 1963. The measures taken under the stick of White Revolution were vaingloriously perceived by the Iranian companionship as a dictation by unify States. The intention was to append Shahs wealth and power and sustenance of US dom inance. Imam Khomeini denounced the revolution and overt the aims and objectives underlying it. He preached lectures from Fayziya Madrasa that had impact in the upstanding footing.On March 22, 1963 the Shah sent paratroopers who attacked Fayziya Madrasa resulting in the death of numerous students and ransacking of madrasa. It didnt throttle Imam Khomeini much. Instead it ignited an unprecedented struggle order against the blunders and wrongdoings of the regime. The attack was perceived as a symbolic action viewing the hostile attitude of the regime towards Islam and the ruthless expression towards Islamic institutions.After all these actions Imam Khomeini came out stronger. He kept denouncing the Shah and his regime. He damn the Shah for his authoritarian nature. He called him a puppet of United States and criticized his growing fellowship with Israel. On June 3, 1963 the afternoon of Ashoura (10th day of Muharram according to the Muslim calendar) he denounced the Shah by ca lling him a wretched miserable man and warned him to alter his miens early(a)wise citizenry will celebrate the day he departs from Iran. He was arrested be develop of that speech on June 5, 1963. This led to major protests for three days throughout Iran. There was disgust among the public against the regime and a shocking arise took place. In Qom, Shiraz, Isfahan, Mashhad, Tehran and many other cities well equipped troops of Shah trained by United States was confronted by defenseless demonstrators. It is estimated that some 15,000 pro-Khomeini protesters were killed by the Shahs forces in these protests. This ascension acted as a fulcrum in the struggle against the regime. Imam Khomeini became a national leader. He became an aspiration to the whole nation to stand against the Shah and the inappropriate supporters backing up Shah. He provided a rational and uniform Islamic ideology. He introduced a political road map channelise by religious leadership rather than by the se cular parties.The uprising was curbed but the mass public and religious scholars could not endure the handle of Imam Khomeini. Demonstration continued all over the country and several(prenominal) religious personalities pressed on Tehran for his release. On April 6, 1964 the administration released him, number a statement that he has contracted to abstain from any action at law of political nature as a train for his liberation. This was later refuted by him. He carried on his condemnation of the Shah and his regime with more vitality.In October 1964, the Shah proven his submission to the US by granting legal immunity to the US personnel. This gave the US personnel the right to commit all offenses in the Iranian boundaries. It was unmingled now that the Shah was a puppet at the hands of United States. The Iranian Majlis approved this measure. On the very next day i.e. October 27, Imam Khomeini wrathfully denounced this and called it an outright attack on the independence and s overeignty of Iran. Imam Khomeini was now becoming a serious nuisance for the Shah and his foreign supporters. All efforts to intimidate Imam Khomeini into silence proved futile. Hence an feat to pulverise his beef up influence was made by sending him to exile. Therefore, on November 4, 1964 Imam Khomeini was arrested and exiled to Turkey. He stayed in Ankara for a while and than moved to Bursa. The Shahs regime was pressurized to allow Imam Khomeini to a better place than Turkey. The permission was given on October 1965 and Imam Khomeini moved to Najaf, considered by the Shii sect as a inc draw back city in Iraq. He took manse in Najaf for the next xiii years.On the other side, the Shahs regime set itself free from the pressure they were antecedently lodgeing and thought that the religious establishment of Najaf will overshadow Imam Khomeini. But they were wrong. Not only did Imam Khomeini created himself as a in effect(p) presence in Najaf but also kept maintaining his pop ularity and influence in Iran. His public statements concerning Iranian development were smuggled and circulated in the country. He intercommunicate the Muslim world and his messages were distributed in Mecca several times. He was visited by outstanding Iranian and Muslim religious figures from time to time during his years in exile.He was never forgotten by the people of Iran. His name and his cause lived in the Iranian people. He was an inspiration for numerous religious groups and scholars who carried on building the foundations previously situated by Imam Khomeini. Unaware by many foreign onlookers, an Islamic association of immense span and sharpness was make. It was understood that Imam Khomeini would light up as a leader and guide the Islamic Revolution taking place in 1978-1979. Though he was physically absent but he lived in the police wagon of the Iranian people and was an aspiration to them.On November 23, 1977 a tragic thing happened. Hajj Mustafa, Khomeinis elde r son, died unexpectedly in Najaf. He was assassinated by SAVAR, a US-instituted security police of the Shah. Imam Khomeini faced this grief patiently. This calamity provoked the Iranian public. People became rebellious and this rebel turned into a revolution.On January 8, 1978 a governance statement came labeling Imam Khomeini as an comp iodinent working for foreign powers. This invited a public outrage. Protests broke out in Qom which resulted in a capacious number of casualties. These series of protests combined the whole country in the revolutionary passion and continued till the spend of 1978. Imam Khomeini kept encouraging the steadfastness of the people and boosted them to attain their goal i.e. the demise of monarchy building of an Islamic state.The Shahs regime made another attempt to bring down the revolution by requesting the Baathist regimen of Iraq to expel Imam Khomeini from their country. The Shah thought this would destroy his base of operation and the revoluti on will lose its leadership. Imam Khomeini was never satisfied with the giving medications that hurl been ruling Iraq. He considered Syria and Algeria as a high-priced option but no Muslim country welcomed him to stay and carry on his political activity. In October 1978, Imam Khomeini went to France and took residence at Nauphle-le-Chateau, which is situated near Paris. The residence in France proved to be very beneficial for Imam Khomeini. The communication became easier, international media also jumped in and he was able to address to a global audience.In celestial latitude 1978, the month of Muharram also came. Demonstrations on a large scale took place in Tehran and other major cities aiming to overthrow the monarchy and replacing it with an Islamic state under Imam Khomeini. The Shah touched the extremes of brutality. The streets were flowing with the blood of thousands of slaughtered demonstrators, the people held in jails were tortured and abused, and the wounded were mass acred in the hospitals by the Shahs forces. United States, Israel and many foreign states supported this. It seemed like a holocaust but this time done by the Jews.Despite the unflinching US support the corrupt and homicidal rule of the Shah was taking its last breathes. A substitute governing body was made under Shahpur Bakhtiar and finally, the Shah left Iran for good on January 16, 1979.The public come out on the streets full of joy and happiness. People celebrated their victory. On February 1, 1979 Imam Khomeini returned to Iran and was welcomed by millions of Iranians at the airport. Throughout the revolution Imam Khomeini showed characteristics of juicy values Spirituality, self discipline determination, leadership, compassion, asceticism, erudition, sobriety, political ingenuity and hatred of imperialism. He was undoubtedly the teacher and director of the Islamic Revolution in Iran.In his lectures that were given in Najaf between January 21 and February 8, 1970, which were later combined under the title of Islamic Government (Hukumat-i-Islami) three key points come to surface.The pick out for founding Islamic socio-political institutionsObligation of religious personalities (the fuqaha)to construct and Islamic nationIslamic republic that takes self reform measuresImam Khomeini verbalise in his lectures that a society cannot be reformed alone on an make-up of laws. It is important that a power and an executor are present to ensure the law. That is why Allah Almighty not only provided an ordinance of law (sharia) but also gave a structure of regimen well supported by administrative and executive director institutions. The last Messenger of Allah is a practical example of such(prenominal) a government. He executed the institutions in the Muslim society. The illusionist formal the ordinance of law in Islam. This duty was later carried by the successors of the Prophet. It was the lead that someone continues executing the laws and establishing the Islamic institutions in the society. It is very important that on that point is some executor of the social institutions and the law. Legislation if alone couldnt do much good for the well being of humans.The executor, known as, vali amr, is responsible for implementation of the law and the courts verdict. He utter that the life of prophet is in itself a practical example of establishing an Islamic State. He express that the Prophet laid foundations of a government, apply laws, established Islamic ordinances, and administered the society. He appointed governors, judges and also worked as a judge himself. He sent diplomats to different states, chiefs and kings, completed pacts and treatise, commanded the military in battles. In a nutshell, he performed all the functions required in a government. He appointed his successor himself. This showed the necessity of a steadfast working government even after Prophet Muhammad departs from the world. Imam Khomeini state that the ratific ation of Islamic law was not limited to the times of Prophet. The Islamic ordinances are permanent and hold practical value till the end of times. The Islamic schema of government is not restricted to the old times. The task income system, economic system, social system laid down by Islam holds its relevancy till the end. A fully functioning government together with its administrative and executives bodies is compulsory. If the political system is repugnant to the Islamic teachings than such a system would result in tyranny, corruption, moral drain, anarchy and chaos.Imam Khomeini questioned the putting deflexion of Islamic laws to promote anarchy. He questioned the calling of Islamic Laws as old and impractical. Allah has not limited the genuineness of his of the laws He sent to earth. Imam Khomeini scarce denounced those who believe that Islamic laws dont hold their validity anymore. Imam Khomeini criticized the western tax system. He supported the Islamic system of through kharaj, zakat, khums and jizya. He said that those who do not support the Islamic system challenge the legitimacy and universality of Islam and the faith. Government was always considered a necessity during the time of Prophet and afterwards. Governments were made during the reign of Caliphs.Sharia provides us with sufficient proof regarding the motivating of a government in all times. Sharia is the embodiment of various(a) laws covering all aspects of a society. The laws in this system are a complete guidance of to meeting the needs of all humans, dealing the neighbors, other citizens, races, relatives, children, marital and personal life, laws regarding peace and war, foreign policy, diplomatic relations with other nations, laws think to trade, agriculture, commercial messageization. It gives guidance about the constitution of marriage institution, the right surgical procedure to contract it, the fostering of child in the womb, the responsibilities of the parents during the time the infant is nutritious and growing, the interaction of husband, wife, and the children. Islam offers a complete code of conduct for the humanity. It ensures virtue, morals and flushed economic and social relations.The ordinances and laws needed by man are all present in the Holy Quran and Sunnah. These laws will help in attaining happiness and making the state perfect. Imam Khomeini swore that the Quran has everything that a man needs. It is not possible to execute Allahs order without the formation of proper executive and administrative organs that would strengthen the establishing of a government. Imam Khomeini mentions some provender to substantiate his argument.The taxation system introduced by Islam is not meant to feed the myopic and needy only. They also build bases for establishing a grand government and bear the essential expenses for it. The example could be given of khums, which is a geek of tax, and acts as a source of revenue for the treasury. It is believed that khums is levied on all natural resources, commercial and agriculture profits in an allude manner. It applied to everyone on equal terms as they cod to pay one-fifth on their income that is surplus. This large income will serve the function of administering the Islamic republic and fulfilling its financial requirements. If this one fifth portion of the surplus income of Muslims is calculated, it will become evident that the dire of such a tax is not for the reason of feeding the pathetic and hungry but for a larger cause i.e. fulfilling the financial requirements of the government institutions and its important bodies. Imam Khomeini emphasized on establishing a government base on the Islamic taxation system which comprised of khums, jizya, zakat and kharaj. He said that the large budget provided by the income from khums, was for the reason of establishing a government that administered the Islamic domain. It was formed to fulfill the needs of people by providing the public with services link to health, defense, educational and economic welfare. Furthermore, Islam laid down principles for the compilation, safeguarding and disbursement of the income from khums. Any extralegal take over or embezzlement of this income is strictly forbidden. The head of state and government members do not practice any privilege over a common inhabitant when it comes to public wealth and income.Another type of tax is jizya, has been made compulsory for ahl adh-dhimma, and kharaj is imposed on land that is of farming(a) value. These two sources also add considerable amount of revenue. The forming of these taxes proves that it is necessary that a government and a convention exist. It is the responsibility of the governor or prescript that taxes is imposed correctly on ahl adh-dhimma according to their financial ability and income. The ruler should also fix proper taxes on their livestock and agricultural land. Kharaj tax is also imposed on the land that is in the owner ship of the Islamic republic. In order to implement these taxes laws should be established, institutions should be built, and administrative bodies should be working. Otherwise it would be impossible for such taxes to be carried out. The in agitate of the state is responsible for carrying out these taxes honestly and aiming them for the larger good of the public.The rules relating the safeguard of the Islamic defense and order of the territory and the freedom of Islamic nation also calls for the establishment of a government. It is said in the Quran bring in against them, whatever force you can mustinesser and horses tethered (Quran 860)This shows that a well equipped defensive Muslim force should always be ready and vigilant. It should be alert even during peace. Imam Khomeini said that if Muslims had acted on this verse a strong government would go through been formed and preparations of a war would turn in been made beforehand. A small bunch of Jews would not have even though t to take over our lands and destroyed musjid al-Aqsa. If the Muslims had fulfilled their responsibility of carrying out Gods orders and laws, and established a respectable and innocuous government than all this would not have taken place. If the leaders of Muslims are true representatives of Gods laws than they would overcome all their differences and unite together as one. A bunch of Jews couldnt harm us then, even if they get all their support from US and other foreign countries. As it is said in the Quran, conjure against them, whatever force you can muster this means that we should be well-prepared and strong and ever-ready against the subjection that the enemies will try to cause us. Unfortunately we are bat in preparedness, strength and unity and thats why we are suffering at the hands of foreign flagitiouss.There are a number of conditions of the law that are not possible to be imposed unless a government is established. The example could be given of blood money, which is used to support the merit and physical penalties laid down by the law, which have to be administer by the ruler of the Islamic state. These laws and ordinances remind us the necessity if a government and strong institutions that have the power which makes them capable to perform these functions in the best way.After the death of Prophet the Umayyads went against Ali ibn Abi Talib and started to cause instability in the Islamic state. They moved away from the formation of a government that has been ordered by God Almighty. They changed the basis of the entire government. The policies they introduced were in contradiction in terms to Islamic laws and ordinances. The Abbasids and Umayyads pursued anit-Islamic administrative and political policies and established a government that was against Gods teachings. The government they established later on converted into a complete monarchy. Their government was just like the governments of Roman emperors, Egyptian pharaohs and Iranian k ings. Imam Khomeini called them non-Islamic governments that have been carried on to the future.Both the law and logic tell us that such anti-Islamic and non-Islamic governments should not be permitted. The reasons are very clear. In a non-Islamic form of government the orders of Islamic politics couldnt be implemented. Imam Khomeini said that the non-Islamic forms of government are the system made by the infidels ( kaffir). It is the responsibility of every Muslim to eradicate all the traces of such a system from their society and choke them. It is our responsibility to create a social atmosphere that ensures the education of individuals who have faith and virtue. But such an atmosphere is in total contradiction with the rule of the infidels and their illegal power. Imam Khomeini said that the corruption is Iran is the result of the kafir mode of government. The corruption has to be swept and the culprits should be caught and hanged. He related this corruption to the corruption o f the pharaohs in Egypt. It is not possible for a faith-practicing, religious and just Muslim to survive in such a socio-political situation. The condition leaves the individuals with two choices. Either he submits to the will of kufr and betrays God or he refuses to commit the acts that the kufr commands and stands against him to destroy the corrupt system. Being true Muslims we have no choice but to destroy the form of government that is full of corruption, tyranny, treachery, oppression and crimes. This is the obligation of every Muslim of the world, a duty he must accomplish to ensure the political Islamic revolution.The domineering and imperialist rulers have segregated the Islamic land. They have divided the Islamic umma into numerous segments and more or less created detached nations. The imperialists of Austria, Russia, Britain and others divided the great pull Empire. This happened partly because of the incompetency and corruption of the rulers of the nance. They took a wrong step y following the system of monarchy. The Ottoman Empire was a threat to the evil imperialists. They were afraid that righteous men will rise up and take control of the state and destroy the imperialism to its roots. Therefore after World War I the imperialists divided the Ottoman Empire into fifteen small states. The imperialists started controlling them with the help of their agents.Imam Khomeini said that if we want to unite the Muslim umma, if we want liberate the Islamic land form the claws of imperialists, if we want to overthrow the puppet governments than it is crucial that formation of a government that is in accordance with the Islamic laws and ordinance takes place. The establishment of such a government will safeguard the disciplined Muslim unity. He quotes the address of Fatimat az-ZahraThe Imamate exists for the sake of preserving order among the Muslims and replacing disunity with unityImam Khomeini revealed the evil deeds of the imperialists by saying that the imperialists have appointed their political agents in the countries. They have imposed an economic system full of injustice. As result the people are divided into two distinct groups oppressors and oppressed. The oppressed are deprived of the basic necessities of life while the oppressors enjoy the all the wealth through corruption and tyranny. The hungry oppressed people have well-tried to cut loose their chains from the cruelty of the overlords and their struggle has been going on till today. But the ruling class and imperialist government structures have hindered their way. It is our responsibility to rescue the deprived and oppressed. We should confront the oppressor.Imam Khomeini said that it is an obligation for Islamic scholars to thrive against the oppressors and let the not succeed in establishing a monopoly on the wealth resources. The Islamic scholars should fight for the masses and to save them from thirst and deprivation and stand against the oppressors usurping the wealth of the people. He quotes the following sayingI swear by Him Who causes the seed to open and create the souls of all sustentation things that were it not for the presence of those who have come to swear allegiance to me, were it not for the obligation of the ruler-ship now imposed upon me by the availability of aid and support, and were it not for the pledge that God has taken form the scholars of Islam not to remain profound in the face of gluttony and plundering of the oppressors, on the one hand, and the plow hunger and deprivation of the of the oppressed on the other hand were it not for all of this, then I would abandon the reins of government and in no way seek it. You would see that this world of yours, with all of its position and rank, is less in my eyes than the moisture that comes from the sneeze of a goat.Imam Khomeini said that it is not the time to sit silent. The time has come to rise against the traitors, puppets of foreign imperialists, and tyrants who have the blood and sweat, wealth and income of the Muslims nationwide. They have snatched the prosperity from the Muslims. It is the responsibility of the scholars of Islam and all the Muslims to destroy this system that has enslaved us. We will overthrow the anti-Islamic governments to bring welfare to millions of Muslims by the formation of a government on the foundations of Islam.Imam Khomeini said that the rules and regulations laid down by Islam prevent the exploitation of the weak by the oppressors. If the anti-Islamic form of government prevails than the Islamic land will fall in the hands of the foreign imperialist powers. The people who rule Iran are useless. They are corrupt, tyrannical and incompetent. Therefore a revolution is necessary. An Islamic revolution is the only way to end this system of kufr.Imam Khomeini successfully preached these ideas in the nation of Iran and led to the Islamic revolution that resulted in breaking the chains of imperialist United States a nd Israel. The country fled into the streets to support his ideology, the righteous, faithful and Islamic ideology.